pros and cons of descriptive representation pros and cons of descriptive representation

Under a standard system of proportional representation, voters are able to cast a single transferable vote, or an STV. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. For more information, please visit our GAP Land Acknowledgement resource page. These three measures are all highly correlated and the index has a standardized \(\alpha\) of 0.89 for Study 1, 0.86 for Study 2, and 0.91 for study 3. Due to the relatively small number of African Americans in our sample, we report 90% confidence intervals throughout for both white and black subjects. Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 45(1), 91. Naturalistic observation also provides a lot of raw data which can allow us to learn more about the human psyche. Posted on June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research Political Behavior Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. In, Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research in which investigators measure two variables and, Free association is one of the methods most closely linked to the psychoanalysisof Sigmund Freud, All Rights Reserved | View Non-AMP Version, Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research, Observational study definition characteristics techniques, Methodological framework definition/structure/examples, What are Research questions how to approach a study examples, What is Correlational research characteristics types and examples, What is free association origin contents of the unconscious problems. Descriptive investigations, unlike other types of investigations, carry out their study without altering or manipulating any of the variables of the phenomenon, limiting themselves only to their measurement and description. Political power and womens representation in Latin America. Different from an absolute majority, a full majority brings more voices into each debate, allowing for a diversity of opinions to be heard. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. It can be an unstable form of government. Pros and Cons of Experimental Research | Vision Launch Media This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9. They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . Berinsky, A. J., Huber, G. A., & Lenz, G. S. (2012). Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research - Career Trend Through rigorous research, we offer gender insights into work, politics, and conflict that have the potential to reduce or eliminate barriers so all people can fulfill their life aspirations unconstrained by gender bias. That means the 49% of people who voted Republican will be represented by somebody for whom they did not vote. chambers vs smeg; dr alexander orthopedic surgeon; verbs to describe how a lion moves. Pros and cons of MMP | The Star Democratic theorists have long been concerned with the proper form of representation in modern governance. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. (2012). To obtain quantitative information, statistical and numerical study methodologies are used, where information about values such as weight, scale and years, among others, is obtained. PDF Is All Descriptive Representation Equal?: A Closer Look at Latino Gender quotas and the problem with descriptive representation - De Gruyter Of particular importance is whether substantive or descriptive representation are necessary to create symbolic representation and perceptions that government outcomes are fair and legitimate. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decision-making in their own right. The American Political Science Review, 84, 377393. However, due to its low precision in forecasting, it is not possible to specify the causes and effects of the phenomenon studied. New York: Free Press. By understanding when descriptive research is the most appropriate research method to use, researchers can ensure that they are gathering the most accurate and comprehensive data possible. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils The Gender and Politics initiative aims to advance research on representative democracy and equitable participation in governments across the globe. Problems to select a suitable method: Information can be . They allow to formulate hypotheses, as well as provide a large amount of valuable data for the development of future investigations. The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. Date: 01 October 2004: DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00492.x: . That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 35. Instead it tells us the what question what are the traits of the citizens or situation being studied? Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. Law and Society Review, 22, 103. Hansen, S. B. Part of Springer Nature. British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. Some of the pros of grades include: Standardization and universally recognized: In virtually any corner of the globe, people will understand what an A, B, C, D, or F letter grade stands for. Advantages and disadvantages of List PR It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance . S congress has been recognized for being the most ethnically and racially, The Congress has a fair representation of minorities including Hispanic, Asians, Native Americans and blacks accounting for 22 percent of the total representation(Geiger, has been an increase in representation in comparison to how previous Congress was, Congress, minorities constituted 1 percent of the House. WAPPP's Gender Action Portal (GAP) team is committed to intersectionality as a core guiding principle for our work in gender policy research translation. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. WAPPP has compiled resources from across Harvard University on what the historic ruling means for reproductive rights and other protected civil liberties. Specifically, the following methods were applied: the mode was used to identify the data with the highest frequency; the mean. Proportional representation is a system of political representation that has been growing by leaps and bounds. Women and Public Policy Program Descriptive Research Design - Methods, Advantages & Disadvantages Pros and Cons: Representing Yourself in Court - A WordPress Site Thequalityof poll workers,experienceswith voting equipment and technology, andevaluationsof polling locations can all affect how confident citizens are in elections. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). In light of recent administrative irregularities that have reduced the confidence thatblack votershave in elections, the value of seeing a reflection of oneself when entering the polling location to cast a ballot should not be minimized. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. PDF Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent Casellas, J. P., & Wallace, S. J. Naturalistic observation is valuable technique utilised as research method which are commonly employed by psychologist and social scientist. Hayes, M., Hibbing, M.V. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents' interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. One of the oldest forms of naming, descriptive titles are logical, functional, and utilitarian. More people feel like they are adequately represented under this type of structure. These respondents were excluded from analysis. List of Pros of Experimental Research. Politics and Gender, 3(1), 79. For example, research studying the morphology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is descriptive. Symbols and the world system: National anthems and flags. American Political Science Review, 90, 794812. However, what good representation should be is debated. (Babbie, 2008), The type of research design that is used during this research is known as qualitative research. The formal charging of a government official with "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors". Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. California: University of California Press. It is where the conceptual phase of the research, such as thestatement of the problem,meets theoperational phase, such as the method and instruments of the investigation. One area of the voting experience that has received little attention isdescriptive representation. Some examples of descriptive investigations may be the following: Studying the penguin population that exists in the South Georgia Islands is a descriptive investigation that answers the what and where. 1. Book Any system of government can fall victim to extremism. Matthew Hayes. Indiana University, 210 Woodburn Hall, 1100 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA, You can also search for this author in However, it is important to understand its limitations and when it is most appropriate to use. Constituency influence in Congress. During elections, millions of citizens vote in person either before or on Election Day. Black faces in the mirror: African Americans and their representatives in the US Congress. Answer the what, not the why. In contexts of historical political subordination and low de facto legitimacy, descriptive representation helps create a social meaning of "ability to rule" and increases the attachment to the polity of members of the group. Given the strikingly similar results we find in each of our studies, we are confident that our results are not a statistical artifact due to the relatively small number of African Americans in any one sample. Quota Problems: Combating the Dangers of Essentialism Pantoja, A. D., & Segura, G. M. (2003). descriptive representation pros and consadvanced spelling bee words for adults. Having more voices can be a good thing, but it can also create a discord that makes it impossible to government. 3. Descriptive Statistics | Research Connections Tyler, T. R. (1988). Guinier, L. (1995). During the fall 2022 semester, students across Harvard University examined women's education as both a preventative tool and as a perpetrator of conflict in a course taught by Rangita de Silva de Alwis, HKS Adjunct Professor of Public Policy. The research survey is one of the most widely used instruments when conducting descriptive research, where the number of samples to be taken is large. They basically consist of making a description of the variables to be measured in a phenomenon, and analyzing the incidence at the time that event occurs. Usually, the cross-sectional or transectional design is the most used to carry out this type of research, although it is also possible to use the pre-experimental design. Making Elections Accessible and Meaningful Providing Incentives for Conciliation Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government Holding the Government Accountable Holding Individual Representatives Accountable Encouraging Political Parties Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable Cameron, C., Epstein, D., & OHalloran, S. (1996). This type of research is very useful when conducting studies, for example, when you want to know which brand of soda is most consumed in a supermarket, where you only want to know which is the most consumed, and not why it is the most consumed. By Colin Jones, Robert M. Stein, Lonna Atkeson, M.V. GAP added 6 new summaries on intersectionality in 2022, bringing the total intersectional summaries to 61, 21% of all research included on GAP. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Naturalistic observation can be structured or unstructured; for this study, unstructured naturalistic observation was mostly used. Instead we express these parameters as a range of potential numbers, along with a degree of confidence. Established in 1939 and published for the Southern Political Science Association, The Journal of Politics is a leading general-interest journal of political science and the oldest regional political science journal in the United States. Journal of Politics, 68(2), 233247. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435457. Comparative Political Studies, 0010414012463884. descriptive representation pros and cons - knewlogistics.com https://www.linkedin.com/company/wappphks/, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCII4gHJhDfpGjlojaME1bHQ, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/women-and-public-policy-program-seminar-s. As its name says, this way of investigating describes, it does not explain. (2010). In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. Scherer, N., & Curry, B. Lawless, J. L. (2004). WAPPP commemorates Transgender Awareness Week and honors the memory of Rodrigo Ventocilla MPA/ID 2023. Descriptive research is often used to provide a snapshot of a population or phenomenon. In this system, the voter would rank the candidates on their ballot based on choice. This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. Proportional representation, sometimes called simply PR, is defined as an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.. & Kuklinski, J. H. (1979). 1:15 pm Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on How Do People React When They Encounter Problems While Voting? pros and cons of descriptive representation - ircmar.org More gridlock, instead of less, can be created, especially if more than two parties are involved in the coalition. The party which receives the most votes in a proportional representation structure will work with other parties to form a full majority. Thu., Mar. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream media, or when reading a research study on your own. a firm and chewy baked product contains gluten; is chuck drummond still alive; homes for rent by owner in calumet city, il; houma news live; did adam bowles leave kthv That creates a system of government that tends to be indecisive and weak because everyone argues for their own best interests. The concept of representation. Probability of very confident evaluation of ballot accuracy. (1993). The research design is used to draw up the work plan to follow in the research. 2-3:30 pm Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. Because of the decentralized nature of American elections, the analysis considered not only the effect of descriptive representation on confidence in the voters ballot being counted accurately but also ballots across their local jurisdiction (county or city), state, and the nation. The collection of research focuses on experimental approachesboth in the field and in the laboratoryand draws from multiple disciplines, including economics, psychology, and organizational behavior. These individuals are served byalmost one million citizens who volunteer to serve as poll workers at more than 100,000 polling locations across the United States. Other nations experience higher levels of voter turnout than these 5 nations because their vote really does count on some level. Correspondence to Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Polit Behav 39, 3150 (2017). Descriptive statistics can be useful for two purposes: 1) to provide basic information about variables in a dataset and 2) to highlight potential relationships between variables. 1999 The University of Chicago Press Instead, descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. With the scope of contemporary technology, we are able to access information from various studies that have occurred around the world. Here are some of the most important characteristics of descriptive research: In descriptive research, the researcher has no control over any of the variables that affect the event or problem under investigation. Population : A data set contain all members of a specified group (the entire list of data values). Although the analysis focused on black Americans, descriptive representation more than likely matters for other racial and ethnic groups who often do not see themselves reflected in the street level bureaucrats they regularly encounter. However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. See Jane run: Women politicians as role models for adolescents. We would also like to thank attendees at Vanderbilts Experimental Methods Speaker Series as well as anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The SPAE is a national survey that is used to gauge the quality of the election experience. Abney, F. G., & Hutcheson, J. D. (1981). 5. volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. Talking about politics: Gender and contextual effects on political proselytizing. (2004). U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: pros and cons of descriptive representation Pros and Cons: Getting a Professional vs. Explore all the programs, projects, and initiatives at the Women and Public Policy Program. Pros and cons of statistics - Pros an Cons Descriptive research is a great way to get a snapshot of a situation. A finding supported with regard to courts by Scherer and Curry (2010), although their study did not take into account whether this effect would be independent of substantive outcomes. pros and cons of descriptive representation. However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. 1. Bobo, L., & Gilliam, F. D, Jr. (1990). The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - SpringerLink Easton, D. (1975). 2, The research carried out in a national census is descriptive, since it is only interested in data such as the number of population, the salary they receive, or what class the household is, without making any kind of analogy between these. . Many communities under this system can come away feeling like they dont matter to the governing coalition. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 623638. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Women's Quotas It is more difficult to have extremism in government when proportional representation is in place as a full majority is more difficult to achieve. There are two ways to carry out a pre-experimental design, which are as follows: In the case of descriptive research, there are three techniques to carry it out: Observation is one of the most used techniques when conducting descriptive research. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.coms mechanical turk. The alternative is to gather a random sample and then use the methodologies of inferential statistics to analyze the . It reduces the idea of a wasted vote. 3. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Dropping the Atomic Bomb, 20 Intriguing Pros and Cons of Becoming a State National, Pros And Cons Of Higher Education For Police Officers. Just 5 countries in the world today use a system that is based on plurality voting. They would indicate a first choice, a second choice, a third, and so forth. Some of the providers that are notified about the pregnancy, they stop giving the medication to the pregnant woman. Congress in black and white. Rocha, R. R., Tolbert, C. J., Bowen, D. C., & Clark, C. J. Journal of Politics, 72, 90104. 4. 4612. First, the effects of a politician's race is likely to Barnes, T. D. & Burchard, S. M. (2012). Most importantly in naturalistic observation, the researcher does not interfere with the situation in any way. A: MMP or mixed-member proportional representation is a political system used in places like New Zealand and Germany, where voters cast a two-part ballot, selecting both a preferred local. As a society, we perform naturalistic observation on a daily basis whether we realize it or not. Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. This is the conceptual view of the end product, whatever the owner can think about relative to its use. (1995). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Mansbridge, J. Congresswomen and symbolic representation. (1999). The closer assessment of pros and cons will. 7. Social Science Quarterly, 86(2), 444462. This literature traces its roots to the work of Thibaut and Walker (1975). Latinos and substantive representation in the US House of Representatives: Direct, indirect, or nonexistent? It involves the collection and analysis of data to describe a phenomenon or situation. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. Descriptive Representation in Election Administration Descriptive research is the right choice when researchers want to describe a phenomenon or situation. Supporters of descriptive representation anticipate that descriptive representatives behave in distinct ways through which they are able to provide better substantive representation than non-descriptive representatives. Stealth democracy: Americans beliefs about how government should work. Descriptive Representation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics The seldom receive access to the majority coalition and rarely earn an absolute majority, but there is always the possibility that their voiced opinions will gain traction with the general population. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Campbell, D. E., & Wolbrecht, C. (2006). strontium citrate pros and cons; how to calculate lot coverage toronto; myapplications microsoft tjx; feng shui bird bath placement. American Journal of Political Science, 717732. nicknames with honey in them; westminster college wrestling; how do cat cafes pass health inspections; arcadia edu audio tour; karns supermarket weekly ads both the seat in the House of Representative and the Senate (Geiger et al). People who were part of the study had experienced some medication error in their work unit, with dose errors being the most frequent and the number of staff giving to the event of medication errors. Pros and cons of working with samples. Higher levels of education were associated with higher perceptions of fairness. Many factors can facilitate or diminish confidence. Several countries, since 2016, have elected representatives and leaders that have promoted isolationist views. Cerulo, K. A. Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. Researchers surely appreciate the ease of which they are able to problem solve, collect data and share the results of their, Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development. The descriptive evaluation was proposed as opposed to traditional method of evaluation and it is based on new strategies for facing the government's challenges. Some of the disadvantages of naturalistic observations is that the observers dont have control over the research and sometimes by not having control the research can be bad or the experiment itself can go wrong and something could happen to the observer or the observed.