why did mohamed atta crash the plane why did mohamed atta crash the plane

His travel to Pakistan and Afghanistan were also signs of radicalization, both of which were masked in the passports he used to enter the United States. ''Tower seemed to have no trouble taxiing around it at a busy time,'' the handwritten report reads. [65], According to official reports, Atta flew from Prague to Newark International Airport, arriving on June 3, 2000. Newsweek is reconstructing the road to 9/11 as it was constructed 20 years ago, day by day. [12] Atta initially lived with two high school teachers; however, they eventually found his closed-mindedness and introverted personality to be too much for them. Waterboarded at a CIA Black Site, the "Number One Terrorist" Gave Up a Name, A Florida Motel Manager Let the "Clean-cut" Guest Have an Overnight Visitor, Atta chose the day: A surveillance camera photographs suspected hijackers Mohammed Atta (R) and Abdulaziz Alomari (C) passing through airport security September 11, 2001 at Portland International Jetport in Maine. [109] The elder Mr. Atta said he had spoken with Mohamed by phone the day after on September 12, 2001. According to the interrogations of KSM and Ramzi Bin al-Shibh (his interlocutor in Germany), Mohammed Atta was worried about the communications, Atta's real concern being that Jarrah might be unable to break away from his wife, that it would just be too painful in the end for him to follow through with his suicide flight. [80] [81], On September 10, 2001, Atta picked up al-Omari from the Milner Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, and the two drove their rented Nissan Altima to a Comfort Inn in South Portland, Maine. Shave excess hair from the body and wear cologne. Practicing for his assignment, Ziad Jarrah took a check ride at Airborne Systems Flight School in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, on August 17. [6] Atta was not heard from again for nine minutes until 8:33:59, when he was heard to say: "Nobody move, please. [76], During the meetings in Spain, Atta and bin al-Shibh had coordinated the details of the attacks. It was here that the Hamburg cell developed and acted more as a group. Atta had lived in Germany for approximately five years and also had a "strong record as a student". For Mohamed Atta, the meticulous and intensely disciplined figure who is believed to have helped organize the Sept. 11 attacks, mistakes did happen, or at least nearly did. The two al-Shehri brothers selected seats 2A and 2B in first class. Atta's family moved into an apartment block in 1990; it was to him but "a shabby symbol of Egypt's haphazard attempts to modernize and its shameless embrace of the West. Given the vagaries of traveling on the East Coast, (it was a) tremendous risk to take. [3] Immediately after returning to Germany, Atta, al-Shehhi, and Jarrah reported their passports stolen, possibly to discard travel visas to Afghanistan. 9/11 hijacker Mohamed Atta, who is thought to have flown American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center AP "I said, specifically, 'These two clowns are up to . . Said Bahaji, a German citizen, was a close friend of Mohammed Atta, the hijacker in control of American Airlines Flight 11 which was the first plane to strike the World Trade Center. [19] In 1992, his father had overheard a German couple who were visiting Egypt's capital. At 8:25 . Both enrolled at Jones Aviation in Sarasota and took training there for a brief time. Ramzi bin al-Shibh is also identified in the video. Financial records and bank video show Atta and Al-Omari made two ATM withdrawals in Portland, and the men were reportedly spotted at an area Wal-Mart, as well as in the parking lot of a Pizza Hut restaurant. Former Metro Sheriff Jerry Keller recounts the time 9/11 terrorists spent in Las Vegas. Unidentified sources from both Al-Qaeda and the United States confirmed The Times the video's authenticity. And they then took action, eventually making their way into the cockpit, forcing the plane down. [108], Atta's father, Mohamed el-Amir Awad el-Sayed Atta, a retired lawyer in Egypt, vehemently rejected allegations his son was involved in the September 11 attacks, and instead accused the Mossad and the United States government of having a hand in framing his son. Here's some background information about the 19 hijackers of September 11, 2001.. Timeline September 11, 2001 - Nineteen men hijack four commercial airlines loaded with fuel for cross country . Bouthayna and Mohamed married when she was 14, via an arranged marriage. The next day, he received a five-year B-1/B-2 (tourist/business) visa from the United States embassy in Berlin. Beginning in May 2001, Atta assisted with the arrival of the muscle hijackers, and in July he traveled to Spain to meet with bin al-Shibh to finalize the plot. Make sure you know all aspects of the plan well, and expect the response, or a . When Atta returned, he claimed that his passport was lost and applied for a new one, which is a common tactic to erase evidence of travel to places such as Afghanistan. The incident, which occurred on a busy travel day at the country's ninth-busiest passenger airport, is especially notable because of how close it brought the two men to official scrutiny. Waleed purchased his ticket online with his debit card. On December 22, Atta and Shehhi applied to Eagle International for large jet and simulator training for McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 737-300 models. Mr. Pursell later posted a sign inside the flight school forbidding novice pilots from flying into Miami International. On September 11 we'll live tweet the events of the day, minute by minute, starting at 4:45 a.m. EST, @RoadTo911. [33], After coming to Hamburg in 1992, Atta grew more religiously fanatical and frequented the mosque with greater regularity. Each day a new story will be published here. Jarrah had arrived in the United States on June 27, 2000, after his flight landed at Newark, New Jersey, and Jarrah had decided to go with Shehhi and Atta to search for different flight schools in the US. Initially, Mohamed Atta's identity was confused with that of a native Jordanian, Mahmoud Mahmoud Atta, who bombed an Israeli bus in the West Bank in 1986, killing one and severely injuring three. A passenger revolt kept Flight 93 from hitting the Capitol. I have been planning and working with Bin Laden on the destruction of certain American targets. [42] He made acquaintances at al-Quds; some of whom visited him on occasion at Centrumshaus. ''I told them to forget it. He was let go from the firm in 1997, however, because its business had declined and "his draughtsmanship was not needed" after it bought a CAD system. It . The luggage included a copy of Atta's will, written in Arabic, as well as a list of instructions, called "The Last Night". The couple explained at dinner that they ran an exchange program and invited Atta to continue his studies in Germany; they also offered him room and board at their home in the city. [107], Lt. Col. Shaffer's book also clearly indicates direct identification of the Brooklyn cell, and Mohamed Atta. We would like to start training for the career of airline professional pilots. About a minute later, he turned the plane southbound, on a course pointed in the direction of New York City. [8][29] Among other odd jobs to supplement his income, Atta sometimes worked at a cleaning company and sometimes bought and sold cars. By the end of July, both Atta and Shehhi did solo flights. Thirty minutes later, Marwan al-Shehhi hit the South Tower. Atta was seated in business class, in seat 8D. During that time Atta flew out of Briscoe Field in Lawrenceville with a pilot, and Atta and either the pilot or Shehhi flew around the Atlanta area. [97] After 9/11, there also were reports stating that Mohamed Atta had attended International Officers School at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama. He would soon post a note forbidding pilots from flying into Miami International. Tuohey was the ticket agent at the Portland International Jetport who handed two of the terrorists - Mohamed Atta and Abdulaziz al-Omari - their boarding passes for an early morning flight to . Mohamed Atta, right, and Abdulaziz al-Omari pass through security at the Portland jetport ahead of a commuter flight to Boston on Sept. 11. ''Whatever came of that, I don't know,'' said Dan Pursell, who was then the chief instructor at Huffman Aviation in Venice, Fla., the flight school where Mr. Atta and Mr. Shehhi earned their pilot's licenses and had rented the Piper Cherokee that day. "[46][47] At the winter break in 1997, Atta left and did not return to Hamburg for three months. Instead, he went to Central Office & Travel in Pompano Beach to purchase a ticket for a flight to Newark, leaving on the evening of August 7 and schedule to return in the evening on August 9. The 30million CSI-style probe has taken seven years. Atta took control of the plane and crashed it into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46a.m.[6] The crash led to the collapse of the skyscraper and the deaths of more than 1,600 people. Atta was at the controls when the 767 collided with the . [38] The instructions in his last will and testament reflect both Sunni funeral practices along with some more puritanical demands from Salafism, including asking people not "to weep and cry" and to generally refrain from showing emotion. He lived in Hamburg in the 1990's and is now believed to have trained at an Al-Qaida camp in Afghanistan in 1999. Ringleader Mohammed Atta and at least four of the other 19 hijackers made six visits to Las Vegas between late May and mid-August of 2001. TERRORIST: Mohammed Atta's mum claims her son is still alive and in Guantanamo Bay . Just stay quiet." "It is possible that he calculated that security would be less stringent in Portland, Maine, than it would be in Boston, said terrorism expert Steve Emerson. He held interviews with the German news magazine Bild am Sonntag in late 2002, saying his son was alive and hiding in fear for his life, and that American Christians were responsible for the attacks. The 9/11 Commission obtained details about the meeting, based on interrogations of bin al-Shibh in the weeks after his arrest in September 2002. He said that he went on pilgrimage to Mecca again, just 18 months after his first time. While in the United States he traveled to Lawrenceville, Georgia, where he and Shehhi visited an LA Fitness Health Club. Mohammed Atta, a convicted terrorist released by Israel at the insistence of the U.S., participated in the 9/11 terrorist attacks. USDA loan officer Johnelle Bryant said Atta visited her office and inquired about a loan to buy a plane. [16] Also in 1990, Atta's family moved into the eleventh floor of an apartment building in the Egyptian city of Giza. Bin al-Shibh would not discuss this meeting with Fouda. That aircraft hit the North Tower at 8:46 a.m. United Flight 175, also from Boston, hit the South Tower at 9:03 a.m. "One of the things we did at the White House was push the FBI to focus on Portland to determine whether or not there were people there that they might have met with, Cressey said. At 2:12 p.m. on August 25, Mohammed Atta logged into his . Mohamed Atta, 33, Egypt Atta was quickly identified as the ringleader of the 9/11 attacks. A separate section of the video shows Osama bin Laden addressing his followers at a complex near Kandahar. Mr. Pursell, meanwhile, said the two men never explained why they chose to fly to Miami or apologized for the costs incurred by the school. He stayed there until 1998. before the crash, the . [12], When Atta was ten, his family moved to the Cairo neighborhood of Abdeen, situated near the city center. The night before, Atta went to Portland, Maine, a trip that has mystified terrorism experts for five years. Mohamed Mohamed el-Amir Awad el-Sayed Atta (/t/ AT-ah; Arabic: [mmmd elmi wd essj.jed t]; September 1, 1968 September 11, 2001) was an Egyptian hijacker and the ringleader of the September 11 attacks in 2001 in which four United States airliners were commandeered with the intention of destroying specific civilian, military, and governmental targets. Following the real Mohamad Atta and his crash into the World Trade Center, his ghost, like ashes left at Ground Zero, has arisen and entered the public consciousness again. On 12 April 1986, Mahmoud Mahmoud Atta . [3][56] On his return journey, Atta left Karachi on February 24, 2000, by flight TK1057 to Istanbul where he changed to flight TK1661 to Hamburg. Other hijackers traveled to Las Vegas at different times in the summer of 2001. THE LAST NIGHT. At 7:59a.m., the plane departed from Boston to Los Angeles International Airport, carrying 81 passengers.[86]. They learned of a massive terrorist attack underway, concluding that they had to take action to down the plane: it was not being hijacked to land and for demands to be made. Follow the Newsweek live tweet of September 11, 2001 (based upon the new book On That Day) starting at 4:45 a.m. EST @Roadto911. Footage shows the five hijackers who flew American Flight 77 into the Pentagon progressing through security checks at Washington's Dulles International Airport. Just stay quiet, and you'll be okay. On Sept. 12, 2001, investigators combed over the field near Shanksville, Pa., where United Flight 93 crashed a day earlier. The official, Mr. Kraus said, said the two pilots had abandoned the plane without radioing the tower and were walking across the airfield toward the main hanger used for general aviation. Atta returned to Hamburg in February 2000, and began inquiring about flight training in the United States. Realizing they were facing a suicide mission, flight 93 passengers fought for control of the plane. Atta flew to Spain on January 4, 2001, to coordinate with bin al-Shibh and returned to the United States on January 10. [69], On June 27, Atta flew from Fort Lauderdale to Boston, Massachusetts, where he spent a day, and then continued to San Francisco for a short time, and from there to Las Vegas. Shave excess hair from the body and wear cologne. That night and twice the next morning, he called Bashar Ahmad Ali Musleh, a Jordanian student in Hamburg who served as a liaison for bin al-Shibh. One of Atta's bags did not make it onto Flight 11, leaving . They had problems following instructions and were both very upset when they failed their Stage 1 exam at Jones Aviation. But she was also said to be 'emancipated' and 'challenging'. "There's a real question there because he took a tremendous risk in going to Portland the night before and then having to catch a commuter flight to Boston, said Roger Cressey, who was director of transnational threats for President Bush's National Security Council. Mohamed Atta is shown in this photo released Wednesday, Sept. 12, 2001, in a State of Florida Division of Motor Vehicles photograph. On the morning of September 11, Atta boarded American Airlines Flight 11, which he and his team then hijacked. [9][44] This was the same day that Israel, much to the outrage of Atta, attacked Lebanon in Operation Grapes of Wrath; signing the will "offering his life" was his response. It had been overlooked that there would still be a security screen to pass in Boston because of this distinct detail of the terminal's arrangement. Although the marriage never happened, Atta's father mentioned they liked each other.[18]. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, mastermind of the 9/11 plot says they began talking about the "planes operation" in 1995. [8] In his will, written in 1996, Atta gives his name as "Mohamed the son of Mohamed Elamir awad Elsayed". [24] Atta was averse to modern development. They board a commuter flight to Boston Logan International Airport, they then board American Airlines Flight 11.. 7:59 AM - Flight 11 takes off from Boston, headed for Los Angeles, California. At 2:12 p.m. on August 25, Mohammed Atta logged into his Travelocity account. The reservation was not used and canceled on August 9 with the reason "Family Medical Emergency". One theory suggests that Mohamed Atta and the other pilots who led the hijacking teams were here planning the Sept. 11 attacks in New York and Washington, D.C. A secret police intelligence report . As it turned out, the employee said, a spark plug had needed tightening and the two pilots had probably flooded the engine. He was among the highest-scoring students; by his senior year, he was admitted to an exclusive architecture program. "They conformed to all the guidelines of checking in." The only problem, Tuohey said, came when he told Atta that, after arriving in Boston, Atta and Omari would have to check in once again before transferring to American Airlines Flight 11. By early 1993, Atta had moved into university housing with two roommates, in Centrumshaus. Atta and Shehhi then moved into a small house nearby in Nokomis where they stayed for six months. In Hamburg, Atta became involved with the al-Quds Mosque, where he met Marwan al-Shehhi, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Ziad Jarrah, together forming the Hamburg cell. Atta and Amal appeared to be attracted to each other, but Atta soon decided that "she had a quite different orientation and that the emancipation of the young lady did not fit." On August 26, Saudi brothers Waleed and Wail al-Shehri also purchased tickets for the same flight. Now, we are living in Germany since a while for study purposes. After Atta's transmission, Boston Center concludes that Flight 11 has been hijacked and alerts other control centers. He led the team of hijackers who took control of American Airlines flight 11 and flew it into the north tower of New York City's World Trade Center. "Might have just been doing surveillance detection just to see if somebody might have been following him up in that area, Drumhiller said. On April 16, Atta was given a citation for not having a valid driver's license, and he began steps to get the license. [103] Shaffer largely based his allegations on the recollections of Navy Captain, Scott Phillpott,[104] who later recanted his recollection, telling investigators that he was "convinced that Atta was not on the chart that we had." The timing of the incident also apparently came near the end of the time Mr. Atta and Mr. Shehhi spent in Venice and the start of the months they spent in South Florida before the attacks. Mr. Kraus said Mr. Atta and Mr. Shehhi told him they had not been aware that they needed to radio the tower for instructions. Once Atta's commuter flight landed in Boston, phone records show he took a call from another 9/11 hijacker, Marwan Al-Shehi. Several clues have been found to link their stay in Spain to Syrian-born Imad Eddin Barakat Yarkas (Abu Dahdah), and Amer el Azizi, a Moroccan in Spain. So why did UA Flight 93 prove to be the only plane that failed to reach its intended target, retaken by its passengers and forced to crash? 3", "Ticket agent recalls anger in Atta's eyes", "9/11 victim calmly describes hijack on haunting tape", https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jun-18-na-introflight18-story.html, "102 Minutes: Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die", "TWO YEARS LATER: THE 91ST FLOOR; The Line Between Life and Death, Still Indelible", "FBI affidavit: Flight attendant made call to report hijacking", "A Case of Mistaken Identity: Mohammad Atta Not Linked to Bus Bombing", "2nd Witness Arrested; 25 Held for Questioning", "A Tale of Two 'Attas': How spurious Czech intelligence muddied the 9/11 probe", "Four in 9/11 Plot Are Called Tied to Qaeda in '00", "Officer Says 2 Others Are Source of His Atta Claims", "Hijackers Were Not Identified Before 9/11, Investigation Says", "Exclusive: Witnesses in Defense Dept. In late 1999, Atta, Shehhi, Jarrah, Bahaji, and bin al-Shibh decided to travel to Chechnya to fight against the Russians, but were convinced by Khalid al-Masri and Mohamedou Ould Salahi at the last minute to change their plans. The alleged distortions of the IG report centered around excluding any evidence that Able Danger had identified and tracked Atta years before 9/11. Atta confirmed that all the muscle hijackers had arrived in the United States, without any problems, but said that he needed five to six more weeks to work out details. Atta, an Egyptian, and Omari, a Saudi, held $2,400 first-class tickets to fly from Portland to Boston to Los Angeles. Timeline September 11, 2001. If you try to make any moves you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. The remains of the 9/11 killers are now held in deep freeze. This call was apparently to confirm that the attacks were ready to begin. [73], On the morning of July 9, Mohamed Atta rented a silver Hyundai Accent, which he booked from SIXT Rent-A-Car for July 9 to 16, and later extended to the 19th. During that period, his roommates grew annoyed with him. They drove a rented Nissan to Portland, Maine, and arrived at the Comfort Inn Hotel at 5:43 p.m. At the time, Tyler Drumhiller was a top official at the CIA, responsible for all European Operations. Atta checked in for American Airlines Flight 11, passed through security again, and boarded the flight. WASHINGTON - The tape of Betty Ong's voice yesterday, alive and urgent yet amazingly calm, describing through the background buzz how a group of hijackers had stabbed two . At this time, the pilots stopped responding to air traffic control, and the aircraft began deviating from the planned route. He used his credit card to purchase two Swiss Army knives and some chocolate in a shop at the Zrich Airport. Mohamed Atta Flight Record. "This begs the question of why the pilots had not punched in the hijack code of 7500, also known as Squawking, if things were happening on the plane before the hijackers gained entry to the . Although estimates range from 18 Wail's ticket was purchased over the phone with a debit card. Just stay quiet and you will be OK. We are returning to the airport." But with more than 200,000 warrants pending on minor offenses in Broward County, he was never picked up. [16], Atta continued with flight training that included solo flights and simulator time. The men who would become the pilots of the four hijacked planes began working on the plot in 1999, traveled to the US in 2000, and enrolled in flight training schools. Atta flew Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Atta earned his private pilot certificate in September, and then he and Shehhi decided to switch flight schools. In the Czech Republic, some intelligence officials say the source of the purported meeting was an Arab informant who approached the Czech intelligence service with his sighting of Atta only after Atta's photograph had appeared in newspapers all over the world. Mohammed AttaUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (U.S. v. Moussaoui) Mistakenly broadcasting over the air traffic control channel instead of the public-address system, flight 11 hijacker Mohammad Atta, who is piloting the plane, announces, "We have some planes. . of 20-25 sons of Mohamed bin Laden, who had 52-54 children in total.2 Originally an immigrant from Yemen, Muhamed bin Laden, by befriending the royal family, had established a major construction company and had amassed a fortune of some 2-3 billion dollars by the time of his death in a 1967 plane crash. Atta was directly responsible for the deaths of more than 1,600 people during the attacks. Kersten said in an interview at the agency's headquarters in Wiesbaden that Atta was in Afghanistan from late 1999 until early 2000,[53][54] and that there was evidence that Atta met with Osama bin Laden there. [8], Atta was born on September 1, 1968, in Kafr el-Sheikh, located in the Nile Delta region of Egypt (then a part of the United Arab Republic). In the summer of 2001, Mohamed Atta, the operational leader of the 9/11 conspiracy, drove another conspirator, Ziah Jarrah, to Miami's main airport so that Mr. Jarrah could fly to Germany to visit . The two had arrived in the United States from Saudi Arabia in April 2001 and joined Atta's team. With its passengers defiant, the plane crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Nepal plane crash victim shared tragic online post moments before 68 passengers died. So, did Mohammed Atta go to Portland because of security issues? In this field, we haven't yet any knowledge but we are ready to undergo an intensive training program (up to ATP and eventually higher)." "He said he was an engineer and he wanted to build a chemical . [26] While in Syria, he met Amal, a young Palestinian woman who worked for a planning bureau in the city. American Airlines Flight 11 was hijacked by five al Qaeda terrorists led by Mohamed Atta and was deliberately crashed into the North Tower (on the right) of the World Trade Center at 8:46am local . In this series, Newsweek maps the road to 9/11 as it happened 20 years ago, day by day. [110] In an interview on September 24, 2001, Atta Sr. stated, "My son is gone. There hasn't been a successful attack against commercial aviation in the U.S. in the 20 years since 9/11, and outside experts agree that while there is still room for improvement, the TSA has been . His father, who kept the family ever insulated, forbade young Atta to fraternize with the other children in their neighborhood. Newsweek is reconstructing the road to 9/11 as it was constructed 20 years ago, day by day. In June 2000, Atta, Ziad Jarrah and Marwan al-Shehhi arrived in the United States to learn how to pilot planes, obtaining instrument ratings in November. On August 6, Atta booked a flight on Spirit Airlines from Fort Lauderdale to Newark, leaving on August 7 and returning on August 9. LA Times Archives, Tracking the Flights Hijacked on 9/11, Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:12, [mmmd elmi wd essj.jed t], Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System, "On Path to the U.S. [15][17], Atta also got engaged to a woman lined up by his father and her family in Cairo, at late 1999, after coming back from Germany the same year. Days later, Shehhi, Jarrah and Atta ended up in Venice, Florida. [73] The absence of other hotel stays, signed receipts or credit card stubs has led investigators to believe that the men may have met in a safe house provided by other al-Qaeda operatives in Spain. "He wanted to finance a twin-engine, six-passenger aircraft and remove the seats," Bryant told ABC's World News Tonight. - United Airlines Flight 175 (traveling from Boston to Los Angeles) strikes the South Tower of the World Trade Center . The day has now come for us to carry out our plan. [16], On August 4, Atta is believed to have been at Orlando International Airport waiting to pick up suspected "20th Hijacker" Mohammed al-Qahtani from Dubai, who ended up being held by immigration as "suspicious." By this view, Atta's political and religious beliefs affected the method of his suicide and his choice of target, but they were not the underlying causes of his behavior. Atta was believed to have used a payphone at the airport to phone a number "linked to al-Qaeda" after Qahtani was denied entry.[78]. Mohammed Atta, (born September 1, 1968, Kafr al-Shaykh, Egyptdied September 11, 2001, New York, New York, U.S.), Egyptian militant Islamist and al-Qaeda operative who helped plot and lead the September 11 attacks. He said he later called Signature to arrange to retrieve the airplane and was told that they did pass through the company's offices, at least briefly, before renting a car to return to Venice. The men who planned and carried out the Sept. 11 suicide hijackings staked out the White House before deciding that their targets should be the Pentagon, the World Trade Center and the U.S . Mohamed Atta, one of the key organizers among the 19 hijackers who carried out the Sept. 11 attacks, left behind a five-page handwritten document in Arabic that includes Islamic prayers . At the Hamburg University of Technology, Atta studied under the guidance of the department chair, Dittmar Machule, who specialized in the Middle East. We will high-jack airliners and crash them into specific targets. At 2:43 p.m., Atta established an American Airlines "AAdvantage" profile #6H26L04 and reserved a business class seat on American Airlines Flight 11 departing Boston at 7:45 a.m. Reading airline charts and inquiring with the airline, he had determined that the flight would be in a Boeing 767-223ER plane, one that he had scouted and studied over months, taking numerous test flights to screen the plane and the boarding and security procedures.