universal soldier: day of reckoning ending explained universal soldier: day of reckoning ending explained

(This setup, weirdly enough, is a fictionalized version of a fucked-up thing that actually happened to Dolph Lundgren and his then-wife just three years before Day of Reckonings release. John (Adkins, The Expendables 2) wakes up from a coma to discover his wife and daughter were slaughtered in a brutal home invasion. Tom Sandoval and Ariana Madix have broken up after he allegedly cheated on her with Raquel Leviss. Oh, Loosey! Action Sci-Fi Two rival soldiers who were killed in Vietnam are brought back to life in a top secret military experiment that creates superhuman warriors. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning (2012) | Official Trailer, Full Movie Stream Preview. And when Deveraux tries to liberate John by removing the implant that contains his false memories, John strikes back, preferring to keep the few happy, false memories he was given. AckuFerrer4913. Music. Apply Bed Bath and Beyond coupon and save 25% off your entire purchase, Target Circle: up to 50% off with Target promo code, Save 25% on your purchase of Spring Styles with Asos Coupon, Michael Kors promo code: sign up for KORSVIP + Get 10% off on First Order, 2023 Cond Nast. It is the sixth and final installment in the Universal Soldier film series. It just radiates menace", "@labuzamovies Oh, I have. Prior to Regeneration, Peter had collaborated with star Van Damme on the action thriller films Timecop and Sudden Death. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning Action & adventure 2012 1 hr 53 min English audio R Try Paramount Plus free Buy or rent John (Adkins, The Expendables 2) wakes up from a coma to. John wakes up from a coma two months later with a bizarre case of amnesia: He can remember the night of his familys murder, but only brief snapshots of the entire lifetime that preceded it. Youve got some Janning to do! Evan has been smartassing-up the Internet since 2008. Universal Soldier UHD Blu-ray (2019) SRP: 19.99 Universal Soldier Film Review In the 80s and 90s, action icon team-ups were all the rage, with Snipes and Stallone in 1993's Demolition Man, and Van Damme and Lundgren tearing chunks off each other in 1992's Universal Soldier. Its extremely well-executed and almost frighteningly hardcore, but its still pretty much just an action film. The push for deeper meaning, while admirable . Scott, who has distorted memories of Luc, is about to kill the children when Luc attacks and a grueling fight ensues. Andrei Arlovski. The project loses funding, and the supercomputer is scheduled to be turned off. Directed by John Hyams, written by John Hyams, Doug Magnuson, and Jon Greenlagh, it stars Jean-Claude Van Damme, Dolph Lundgren, Andrei "The Pit Bull" Arlovski, and Scott Adkins. I cant make you enjoy what Hyams tried to pull off, but I can tell you that it all makes total sense. Borrow Program. [8] Scott Bowles of USA Today also criticized the film for being "so mean-spirited and joyfully violent" that it leans toward the torture porn genre. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. The film was officially released in the United States directly on DVD and Blu-ray on February 2, 2010, on February 9 in Brazil, April 5 in the United Kingdom, and May 4 in France and Germany. Kevin Burke. 1:33. The film doesn't follow the story of Regeneration and is a spin off as much of a sequel in the series as it introduces a new story and characters to follow. 2:08. Directed by Jeff Woolnough and written by Peter M. Lenkov, the film stars Matt Battaglia, Chandra West, and Gary Busey. Questioned by FBI Agent Gorman, the still amnesiac John identifies the perpetrator as former Universal Soldier (UniSol) Luc Deveraux, now a wanted man. Hasan Minhaj Brings His Powerpoints and Power Suits to Independent Spirit Awards, Travis Barkers Finger Is Now the Enema of Blink-182 Fans. So if the article rubs you the wrong way, I will let you call me a prick just this once. [a] Magnus enters a brothel and slaughters both the female employees and most of the male patrons, who all display exceptional physical resistance but are no match for Magnus. In the first installment of the franchise, American soldier Luc Deveraux (Van Damme) finds that his superior officer, Andrew Scott (Lundgren), has turned violently deranged, and the two fight to the death during the Vietnam War. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning is a 2012 American science fiction action film [3] [4] directed by John Hyams, who co-edited with Andrew Drazek, and wrote the screenplay with Doug Magnuson and Jon Greenlagh. Former UniSol Luc Deveraux (Jean-Claude Van Damme), who is undergoing rehabilitation therapy in Switzerland with Dr. Sandra Fleming (Emily Joyce) with the goal of rejoining society, is taken back by the military to participate in the mission. As John and Sarah drive towards the cabin, they are once more intercepted by Magnus. The duo went on to co-star in the sequels Universal Soldier: Regeneration and Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning, as well as The Expendables 2. When he does, bone-crunching, limb-splitting chaos inevitably follows, as the two actors throw each other into and out of walls and doors and God knows what else, the cheap sets collapsing impressively around them. It stars Scott Adkins with Jean-Claude Van Damme and Dolph Lundgren, who both reprise their roles from the first film, alongside newcomer Andrei Arlovski. 2:08. But while its violent aesthetic and originality blew me away when I initially saw the film, it now surprises me for how standard and almost quaint it feels compared to it's sequel. Everything Everywhere All at Once has won in every category they were nominated for. Thats probably in part because the cast is populated with former MMA fighters and other professional beatdown artists, so theres less of a need to cut to stunt doubles and inserts and expensive computer trickery: When John and Magnus face off in a sporting goods store, and the free weights and baseball bats go flying, those are the real guys fighting, and damned if Hyams isnt going to make sure we know. And cooler. As Luc escorts the children to safety, they are attacked by the NGU. Guest Post by Michael Nevradakis, Ph.D. this never-ending story of dead Vietnam war soldiers reincarnated to become turbo-killers has expelled mindless installments to theaters and video . Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Sgwennwyd y sgript yn wreiddiol yn Saesneg a hynny gan John Hyams. The Wagner opera returns to the Met for the first time in 17 years. This password will be used to sign into all, Shania Twain Gives Rare Update on Her Ex-Husband and Ex-BFF, Journey Should Probably Go Their Separate Ways, TikToks Favorite Celebrity Couple Is Kim Kardashian and Michael Cera, How to Watch and Stream Every 2023 Oscar-Nominated Movie, Rick Scott Is Unfortunately Kind of Right About Novak Djokovic, Rick Scott Is Unfortunately Right About Novak Djokovic, Michelle Yeoh Promises No Swearing, Only Tears During Best Lead Performance Win. Universal Soldier: Day Of Reckoning functions as a mystery, with third-act twists that deal directly with the theme of what really animates a person. Play over 265 million tracks for free on SoundCloud. I love it more each time I watch it. How Tyrel Jackson Williams Brought TikTok Cringe to, Its sort of a newer version of the L.A. actor ride that Kyle is on the first two seasons, but its worse.. You\'ll receive the next newsletter in your inbox. In Reckoning, a new, equally psychotic Scott returns (another clone, if I've lost you), and has finally joined forces with his nemesis, Luc Deveraux (JCVD). This is a rare series that takes more creative risks as it goes along", "Carolco Sells 'Soldier' Rights To Skyvision", "A Re-Imagining of 'Universal Solider' Is In The Works With Richard Wenk Set To Write The Script (EXCLUSIVE)", "UNIVERSAL SOLDIER Getting Rebooted for New TV Series and NATIONAL TREASURE Creator Plans BLOOD & TREASURE Series", "Universal Soldier may be the only series whose DTV sequels are its best work", "Universal Soldier III: Unfinished Business", "Universal Soldier: Regeneration Reviews", https://www.comics.org/searchNew/?q=Universal+soldier&selected_facets=facet_model_name_exact:issue&selected_facets=publisher_exact:Now, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Soldier_(film_series)&oldid=1130172014, Articles needing cleanup from August 2022, Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2022, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from August 2022, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 December 2022, at 23:15. Starring: Jean-Claude Van Damme, Dolph Lundgren, Scott Adkins, [Andrei Arlovski]. The original John had been mind-controlled into hunting down Deveraux, but was turned and hired as a transporter and assassin for his organization, until he met Sarah and deserted Deveraux. Desperate, they call up JCVDs Luc Deveraux, the best of the best of whats left (stolen joke). If you squint, I get paid to be funny. Jason Statham and Aubrey Plaza do not seem like a match made in action-comedy-chemistry heaven, but it somehow works. She shouts out all the ladies (mothers and wives) in the room. The film opens with a lengthy point-of-view shot, as a man named John (Scott Adkins) tries to reassure his young daughter one night that there aren't monsters in their house. It is the fifth installment in the Universal Soldier franchise and the alternative sequel to the original Universal Soldier from 1992, ignores the events from the 1999 theatrical sequel Universal Soldier: The Return and the two made for television sequels that were produced in 1998. The character is also portrayed by Matt . Gorman ascribes John's success to his familial attachment, as opposed to the patriotism implanted in his predecessors. Rather than look cheap or silly, it invokes a feeling of abject numbness thats hard to shake. It did a little better on home video, where it earned around $3.7 millionbut by any standard except quality, it was a flop. [7], David Nusair of Reel Film Reviews gave it 1.5 out of 4 and called it "distractingly low-rent", a "mostly interminable mess" but that the sole saving grace was the "brutal fight sequences". You probably didnt see it. The Universal Soldiers are essentially zombies. But because this villainous Unisol is so strong, he only stands a chance if they inject him with some kind of super serum that will make him strong enough but will also rob him of any humanity he earned so far. Stream Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning Movie Download Nov 30, 2012 by Ali Akbar2 on desktop and mobile. This one does.). John stumbles onto a corpse beaten so hard that just looking at it makes him vomit. Thats not even a dream come true because I was never that optimistic. [6] In a retrospective, Tom Breihan of The A.V. Who was asking for the Universal Soldier story to be continued? Universal Soldier: The Return joined it on the big screen in 1999 but bombed at the box office, ending the franchise's brief theatrical run. Offscreen, he was one himself. Led by Luc Devereaux (Jean-Claude Van Damme), they subdue John and murder his wife and child before his (and our) very eyes. As of April 7, 2010, the film has grossed $844,447 in United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Italy, Lebanon, Malaysia and the Philippines. He is successful in locating them and leads them toward safety. However, when a terrorist sect uses an experimental Next Generation UniSol (NGU) to seize the atomic reactor at Chernobyl, Deveraux is reactivated to save the country from a nuclear catastrophe. Popcorntimes. Calling his own memories into question, John meets with Agent Gorman. Directed by John Hyams and written by Victor Ostrovsky, starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Dolph Lundgren, and Andrei "The Pit Bull" Arlovski. Once again, directed by Jeff Woolnough and written by Peter M. Lenkov, the film stars Matt Battaglia, Chandra West, Jeff Wincott, and Burt Reynolds. Fast-forward ten years to 2009 and John Hyams (son of JCVD regular Peter Hyams) takes the reigns with his DTV sequel, Universal Soldier: Regeneration - an . Hes dangerous, hes terrifying, hes an extra in, How to Watch the 2023 Oscars Celebrate All 23 Categories Live Again. One is kind of heroic. Tekken star Jon Foo appears as a cameo in the film as one of the four UniSols. Haunted by images of the attack, he vows to kill the man responsible, Luc Deveraux (Van Damme). You can't kill a man because he stole from you (there's a caveatwe'll get to it). Granted, that ignores the many people who make the films, most of whom probably do have feelings. And once you connect those dots, you end up with an extremely rewarding picture. takes over a superior UniSol model (White) and kidnaps Hillary. 2:30. Part of this will require a rundown of exactly what its up to plot-wise. Dr. Richard Porter (Garry Cooper), Dr. Colin's former colleague on the Universal Soldier program, revives four UniSols to take down the NGU, but they are systematically eliminated. I also wrote this. To be fair, on page this thing must have seemed like a catastrophe: Plot points go unexplained, and characters often go unidentified. He shoots the fight scenes with beautiful fluidity, demonstrating a genuine eye and an attention to spatial logic thats all but disappeared from action moviemaking. I dont even like the first movie all that much. Another piece we used was the group Tangerine Dream did a great score for the movie Sorcerer and taking a note from films like Blade Runner, movies influenced me and my idea of science fiction and action film making and take all the work I did in documentaries and the work I did within MMA and taking all those elements and putting them together to create a style of the film that I think is very different to the first two films, but I think fans of the first two will appreciate and maybe people who haven't seen them will appreciate it. Universal Soldier: Day Of Reckoning is a semi-sequel to the most recent film in the series; Universal Soldier: Regeneration. Van Damme goes in there and saves the day, but Hyams stands by the effects of this serum, and theres clearly something terrifying about him as well. Its an early warning that nothing in Day of Reckoning should be taken at face value. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Kevin's body is placed in a black bag and taken away, as well as recovered pieces of the NGU. Todd Black and Jason Blumenthal hired Richard Wenk to write the reboot in October 2018. Universal Soldier Day Of Reckoning 2012 Posters The Movie Database Tmdb. You can actually read a transcript of that here. In the United States the film was released directly to video by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on February 2, 2010. A month later, it was released in Lebanon on March 25, Jordan on March 31 and Japan on June 26. Its a relatively run-of-the-mill sci-fi action film about deceased Vietnam vets brought back to life as super soldiers. He is an actor, known for Universal Soldier: Regeneration (2009), Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning (2012) and The Equalizer 2 (2018). The subsequent film in the series, Universal Soldier: Regeneration, revived the franchise in 2009, disregarding the events of The Return, as well as its made-for-cable predecessors. This is the director's cut. To revisit this article, select My Account, thenView saved stories. 91 talking about this. Veronica follows and while sneaking into the UniSol lab to rescue Luc, she discovers that his older brother Eric, a deceased soldier from Vietnam, has also been resurrected. On their way out, they encounter the NGU. Universal Soldier : Day Of Reckoning (2012) Segment 2. And for now, thats where the Universal Soldier franchise ends. John awakens from a coma to learn that his wife and daughter were brutally murdered in a home invasion. The best musical instrument is a love triangle. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Dismiss it if you want, but there are a lot more interesting things going on here than I, at least, assumed. Tons of great stuff happens, its really good, and without it no one would really care about Day of Reckoning. 2:10. Not just because of the movie's brutal violence, but from the stunning realization that this grim franchise will never stop regenerating itself". Club called it the most significant action movie of 2009, crediting it with providing newfound levels of critical legitimacy to the straight-to-DVD format, and describing it as "good enough to leave its theatrical predecessor in the dust". Later, John meets with Agent Gorman again. Universal Soldier Day of Reckoning - Red Band Trailer (English) HD. The only part of the film that is connected to the last one is . The film was also released in the United Arab Emirates and as of the December 9 it has grossed $193,274. This direct-to-video sequel takes place exactly after the events of the original Universal Soldier. But if Day of Reckoning was doomed to horrify anyone who was looking for a goofy B-action flick, its ripe for rediscovery for anyone who wants to see what happens when a chronically underperforming action franchise suddenly pushed to its absolute limit. In the ensuing fight, John realizes he possesses superior strength, resistance and fighting abilities, eventually killing Magnus by decapitating him with a metal bat. Publicly. So the mission of revenge were supposed to be rooting for is actually just the Governments manipulations coming to fruition. [9] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News wrote that unprepared viewers are "bound to leave shellshocked. After the original film was released, Carolco, the production company that backed the film, went bankrupt and sold the rights of the series to Skyvision Entertainment, located in Toronto, in 1995. [8], Van Damme and Lundgren returned for a sixth installment, Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning, as the first in the series to be filmed in 3-D. John Hyams also returned as director. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning is out on Blu-ray and DVD, NOW!. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning has become one of my all time favorite movies. Privacy Policy and At his house, he finds Isaac long dead and evidence of his involvement with the UniSol program. 59:13. Here's why: Deveraux has gone mad and is now an evil son-of-a-bitch hell bent on taking over the government, one soldier at a time, dead or alive. [10], Positive reviews suggested that Day of Reckoning successfully tweaked the series formula by introducing more horror and surreal elements. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning. After a hostage situation mistakenly leaves Veronica a fugitive, the two escape the city and go into hiding. Before long, John confronts his own doppelgnger, weathered and paranoid in a dingy concrete shack. At one point, Van Damme, head shaved and looking surprisingly like Marlon Brandos Colonel Kurtz from Apocalypse Now, quietly stares into the camera for an extended moment as if daring us to watch, or maybe even hypnotizing us. He previously suffered a brain aneurysm on February 18, and was ultimately taken off life support. After Universal Soldier was released, Carolco, the production company that backed the film, went bankrupt and sold the rights of the series to Skyvision Entertainment, located in Toronto, in 1995. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning $3.99 $12.99 Playback Region 2 : This will not play on most DVD players sold in the U.S., U.S. He also seems to have a notable ability to run into John. By the end, we learn that Johns entire backstory is bullshit. Through Andrei Arlovskis subplot, which lets us follow a Unisol as he transitions from Government tool to Deveraux freedom fighter, we witness some of the most frightening and primal displays of masculinity Ive ever seen in a movie. Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning Image Via Foresight Unlimited While Roland Emmerich 's 1992 science fiction film Universal Soldier is nothing but a generic action-adventure story,. Showing all 3 items Jump to. Mike Massie Gone With The Twins. Overall, he stated that "if more action movies were like Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning, the world would probably be a better place". Now instead of a hero, we have yet another monster. Of course, it turns. Moviepilot. This is an ongoing, illustrated countdown of my 49 1/2 most essential action movies, which doesn't mean they are the best (but in most cases, yes), but a selection of some that I think you must see. John accepts Su's offer to surgically sever his emotional bond with the fake memories of his family, but the pain and attachment to those memories drive John insane. That strikes me as seriously bold, and I can understand why it turns people away from the film. The series centers on two American soldiers, Luc Deveraux (Van Damme) and Andrew Scott (Lundgren), who are killed during the Vietnam War and reanimated in the 1990s as highly advanced Universal Soldiers. From the brothel where these guys pay women to hammer nails into them, to their ape-like barracks brawl over a stolen drink of booze, these Unisols are absolutely terrifying, stripped of everything except their desire for violence and equipped with bodies capable of delivering massive quantities of it. The NC-17 director's cut has been released overseas. Day of Reckoning takes it to the point where there's not an ounce of comedy or camp. Gutfeld! They then dust off four of their Universal Soldiers, and, in a scene that plays like a mini-slasher film, he takes them out too. During his career, the prolific actor inhabited an array of troubled characters. Its biggest is choosing to forgo the continued narrative we actually want to see and instead reveal its story as a series of discoveries made by a totally new character (Scott Adkins). Luc and the NGU take the fight to the site of the bomb, with less than two minutes remaining. John kills a dozen soldiers, including Andrew Scott, before confronting and killing Deveraux himself. Meanwhile, Luc Deveraux (Matt Battaglia) and Veronica Roberts (Chandra West) are in hiding on his parents farm. It would certainly be a cheaper and perhaps more exciting place: Shot on a dime, John Hyamss film, which may at first seem like a glorified VOD entry in a forgotten franchise starring has-been action stars, is an admirably tense sci-fi/horror adventure that somehow turns its considerable limitations into virtues. Meanwhile, CIA Deputy Director Mentor (Burt Reynolds) and Dr. Walker are in the process of creating a powerful UniSol clone of Luc's brother, Eric (Jeff Wincott), to assassinate him and Veronica. Part Three: Whats the Big Deal About Day of Reckoning? Here is a list of everything that happens in this mystery sequel we never got to see: *Luc Deveraux escapes Government control. [1] An edited R-rated version was released in theaters. Its a small thing, but that haunts me because I always wish for movies like Day of Reckoning, and when one finally arrived I berated it. "Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning (end soundtrack) 13,723 views Jan 8, 2014 116 Dislike Share Save Don Giovanni 413 subscribers soundtrack from the end of the movie, universal soldier day. The hero of Day of Reckoning is John, a mumbly bruiser played by martial artist and reliable direct-to-DVD action star Scott Adkins. After their bodies are retrieved, they are placed into a secret program in which they are reanimated as superhuman agents and trained to become unquestioning killing machines. Thats all pretty ugly. Day of Reckoning (Destruction album) a 2011 studio album by Destruction; Day of Reckoning (Diecast album), a 2001 album by Diecast; Day of Reckoning (Pentagram album), a 1987 . They are very close to building their own Unisol cloning machine. With what's happening with the storylines, we could certainly go in a number of directions.[3]. Van Damme and Lundgren have since co-starred a fifth time in 2018's direct-to-DVD action movie Black Water. Universal Soldier Day Of Reckoning Film 2012 Moviepilot De. In this first entry, their humanity asserts itself, so they are not totally there yet, but the idea still stands. If these guys looked intimidating in Regeneration, they are ten times that here. The real Luc Deveraux is holed up in a bunker, bald and scarreda paranoid, apparently psychotic riff on Colonel Kurtz. Though in the confrontation John loses some phalanges, they escape. In the years since Day of Reckonings release, Hyams has directed episodes of Z Nation, The Originals, and Chicago P.D. Sam Trammell takes on the role of a complex serial killer in the Netflix crime drama 'Reckoning.' HL spoke with the actor about the game-changing ending, diving deep into a 'dark' headspace, and more. And the Universal Soldier he clearly wanted to make is as much a horror movie as it is an action movie: a jarringly surreal, punishingly violent mind-bender that draws heavy inspiration from arthouse darlings like Gaspar No and David Lynch. U.S. forces join up with the Ukrainian Army at the plant, but quickly retreat when the NGU slaughters most of them effortlessly. The fight pits John against Andrew Scott and an army of genetically enhanced warriors; meanwhile, he must contend with a UniSol in relentless pursuit. John follows Sarah to her apartment, where they are attacked by Magnus again. Day of Reckoning was first released on VOD in the United States before receiving a theatrical release on November 30, 2012. Film and television critic Matt Zoller Seitz stated that the Universal Soldier franchise "is a rare series that takes more creative risks as it goes along".[3]. Unfortunately, his opponents share the same skill set. Later, he discovers his severed fingers have regrown. Twice. Lead by the merciless Andrew Scott (Lundgren) and Luc Deveraux (Van Damme), their plan is to rage a war of total destruction. But Day of Reckoning opts for something stranger. The events in this film were ignored by the rest of the series - so we'll do the same. I hope that we have breathed some life into the franchise. For the sixth entry in a formerly moribund direct-to-video cyborg franchise, Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning is a remarkably ambitious movie. Ad Choices, You Almost Definitely Haven't Seen One of the Best Action Movies of the Decade, The 17 Best New Menswear Items to Buy This Week, 57 Excellent Gift Ideas to Spoil All the Deserving Guys Out There, The Best White T-Shirts, According to GQ Editors, Rihannas Super Bowl Watch Was the Real MVP, The Best, Worst and Weirdest Super Bowl 2023 Commercials, John Mayers New Watch Is Already the Subject of Good Gossip, Patrick Mahomes Wore an Instant-Classic Rolex to the Super Bowl. *Sorry, there was a problem signing you up. Greg Gutfeld examines the news of the day through a satiric lens fused with pop culture. Ffilm llawn cyffro a ffuglen wyddonol gan y cyfarwyddwr John Hyams yw Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning a gyhoeddwyd yn 2013. Sylvester Stallone And Dolph Lundgren Are Working On A Television Show Together. *Luc Deveraux starts building and army and wins deflected Unisol scientists to his cause. And who would have expected anything different from the fourth installment of the Universal Soldier seriesa C-level action franchise about a bio-engineered super-soldier named Luc Deveraux, played by Schwarzenegger coattail-rider Jean-Claude Van Damme? I dont really care much for horror films, but when the violence displayed in an action movie crosses into horror territory, I tend to fall totally in love for some reason. The official sequel, The Return is pretty decent and holds up still. In a phone interview between director John Hyams and the Van Damme fanbase, the director commented: I am hoping that we are taking a film that was made a long time ago and we are now trying to present these characters in a contemporary context, and that means stylistically contemporary and to use my own taste, something that feels like it belongs in this era of film making.